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Bruce Bennett

Bruce Bennett

 


Bruce Bennett was an Arkansas politician best known for serving as the state Attorney General from 1957 to 1960, and then again from 1963 to 1966. During his first term as Attorney General, Bruce Bennett was associated with the passage of a series of bills he authored in 1958 with the specific purpose of making it impossible for the civil rights organization the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to operate in the state. Among other things, the bills authored by Bruce Bennett specifically forbid the NAACP from maintaining attorneys in the state and compelled the organization to give the state a complete list of its members. Similar laws passed by the state of Alabama were later deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court in the 1958 case of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People V. Alabama, effectively nullifying his legislative work.

 

After an unsuccessful run for state governor in 1960, Bruce Bennett returned to the office of the Attorney General in 1963. During this time, he was involved in the creation of the Arkansas Loan and Thrift company. The company was founded by businessman Ernest A. Bartlett Jr., who had come into possession of a building and loan charter whose terms outdated current state laws governing the regulation of savings and loans businesses. The draft for this company's charter was completed in the office of Bruce Bennett, who became a shareholder in the business.

 

Following the foundation of the company, advertising was successful in soliciting investments from churches and private citizens. The company promised a higher rate of return than could be legally granted by savings and loans institutions, investing the funds into unsafe products while earning roughly $4 million. During this time, the company attracted the attention of the state Savings and Loan Commission. To determine whether the company could be regulated and investigated, the state's savings and loan regulator, Clint Jones, sent Bruce Bennett a series of letter inquiring whether the company could be regulated as a savings and loan association, bank, or insurance company. Bruce Bennett replied in the negative to every query without disclosing his role in the company.

 

The Arkansas Loan and Thrift company declared bankruptcy in 1967, prompting a renewed investigation, this time from the Federal Savings and Loan Commission. Subsequent legal investigation revealed the role of Bruce Bennett in protecting the company from investigation and regulation. In 1969, he was indicted on charges including securities violations, postal fraud, and wire fraud. However, in the subsequent handling of the case, the presiding federal judge, who was a friend of Bruce Bennett's,  severed the case against him from that of other defendants being charged. Due to his throat cancer, Bruce Bennett was able to receive a number of continuances delaying the start of his trial. Bruce Bennett died in 1979 without ever having been prosecuted for his role in the Arkansas Loan and Thrift Company.

Jan Schlichtmann

Jan Schlichtmann

 


Jan Schlichtmann

 

Best known for his work on a lawsuit which served as the basis for a best-selling non-fiction book, attorney Jan Schlichtmann is a currently operating attorney best known for his work on the case Anderson v. Cryovac. Though he lost the case, the publicity attendant to the work resulted in more stringent Environmental Protection Agency regulations.

 

The case was instigated in the early 1980s, when Jan Schlichtmann met with representatives of the town of Woburn, Massachusetts. In 1979, the state's Department of Environmental Quality tested the town's water wells and determined that two out of eight had been contaminated by trichlorethylene, a chemical which had caused cancer in animals in laboratory tests. Trichlorethylene was found to be present in levels five times higher than safe, and the wells were immediately closed. A 1982 investigation by the Environmental Protection Agency traced the contamination to dumping performed at factory grounds used by two companies, the chemical plant of W.R. Grace and the John J. Riley Tannery

 

Following the closing of the wells, six children who all lived on the same block of Waltham were diagnosed with leukemia. Jan Schlichtmann and his partners agreed to represent the eight families in question in a lawsuit against the two companies. In part due to the arguments presented by lead defense counselor Jerome Facher, the presiding judge agreed to have the trial take place in two parts.

 

In the first part of the trial, Jan Schlichtmann and his partners were required to demonstrate that W.R. Grace and the John J. Riley Tannery were responsible for the contamination of the wells in question. After 79 days of trial, the jury returned a verdict of guilty regarding W.R. Grace but not for the John J. Riley Tannery. At this point, the trial continued to its second part, in which Jan Schlichtmann was required to demonstrate that the contamination was the direct cause of the development of leukemia.

 

At this point, Jan Schlichtmann and his partners had incurred a great deal of debt, in part because of the expenses necessitated to commission studies proving a link between trichlorethylene and leukemia development. Unable to proceed with the case fiscally, Jan Schlichtmann and his partners negotiated a $8 million settlement with W.R. Grace.

 

After the close of the trial, an in-house report produced by the Tannery emerged proving that the company knew that it had dumped waste chemicals in an illegal fashion, leading to contamination. Jan Schlichtmann therefore appealed the ruling regarding the tannery on the grounds that their attorney had knowingly suppressed this evidence. The case was eventually appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals, which agreed with Jan Schlichtmann and ordered the original presiding judge to reconsider the case.

 

Ultimately, the presiding judge agreed with the claim of withholding evidence. However, in his opinion the judge ruled that Jan Schlichtmann had launched a frivolous lawsuit when filing without this evidence and ruled against him.

John Burris

John Burris

 


John Burris

 

John Burris is a prominent California-based attorney associated with his work in many cases involving police brutality and discrimination against African-Americans. One of his earliest prominent cases involved the defense of rapper Tupac Shakur, who was arrested by police on jaywalking charges. Shakur alleged that the arresting officers in Oakland had beat him and filed a 1991 lawsuit seeking $10 million damages. John Burris successfully obtained a $42,000 settlement.

 

In 1992, John Burris became involved in the case of Rodney King, whose beating by Los Angeles Police Department officers in 1991 caused riots. King had initially hired Steven Lerman after his beating, but dispensed with his services in October 1992 in favor of retaining Milton Grimes. Grimes had John Burris and fellow attorney Federico Sayre assist him in preparation of the case. Grimes, John Burris and Sayre were dismissed in August of 1994.

 

In 1996, Rodney King filed suit against John Burris, Lerman and Sayre. The suit alleged that John Burris and other attorneys had fraudulently charged him for work done on the suit, thereby lessening the size of settlement through fraud. His lawsuit was rejected in appeals court, which concluded that the one year statute of limitations had elapsed by the time King took this legal action.

 

In 1998, John Burris acted as defense attorney for professional basketball player Latrell Sprewell, who had been charged with reckless driving for forcing another driver off the road before hitting another car, injuring two people. Though he could have been sentenced to six months in prison, a plea bargain was arranged of three months of home detention in addition to two years of probation and a small fine.

 

From 2000 to 2003, John Burris was a leading counselor representing 119 plaintiffs in a federal district lawsuit filed against the city of Oakland. The

combined civil rights lawsuits concerned four Oakland police officers who were alleged to have committed a number of offenses, including beating prisoners, unlawful detentions, and planting evidence. In 2003, the city of Oakland agreed to a settlement totaling $10.9 million to be divided among the 119 plaintiffs.

 

In 2009, John Burris acted as leading co-counsel representing the relatives of Oscar Grant, who was shot to death by Bay Area police on New Year's Day. In the incident, Grant had been restrained and was lying on the ground, waiting to be handcuffed, when he was allegedly shot once in the back by officer Johannes Mehserle. As a result, the Bay Area Rapid Transit authority agreed to pay a settlement totaling roughly $5.1 million, including interest accrued.

 

In addition to his high-profile successes, John Burris has occasionally been the subject of legal action. In 1996, his license to practice in California was suspended for 30 days due to misleading solicitations he had sent to those who had survived natural disasters. John Burris disclaimed responsibility, saying it was done by employees without his knowledge.

Philip E. Tetlock

Philip E. Tetlock

 

Philip E. Tetlock

Philip E. Tetlock is a professor specializing in organizational behavior who is a member of the faculty at the University of California at Berkeley. In the legal field, Philip E. Tetlock is best known for his many papers co-written with Gregory Mitchell, a law professor who is a faculty member at the University of Virginia School of Law.

 

One of their most controversial and prominent papers is the 2006 article "Antidiscrimination Law And The Perils Of Mindreading," published in the "Ohio State Law Journal." The purpose of this article was to challenge some recent developments in the field of legal scholarship regarding the best methods of passing anti-discrimination laws and how to evaluate the role of prejudice and bias when considering legal situations. As part of their argument, Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell concentrate specifically on the Implicit Association Test, a psychological test designed to measure associations with objects.

 

In their 2006 paper, Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell argue that the Implicit Association Test is not a strong basis on which to base anti-discrimination law. Specifically, the authors allege that these types of tests do not demonstrate conclusive links between the responses chosen and the reasons for these responses. Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell argue that, for example, test results and associations made on the basis of racist biases or prejudices can be indistinguishable from those made on an empathetic basis. Further, they argue that the value judgments made during these tests are not based on empirical scientific evidence, as claimed by scholars who wish to pass anti-discrimination laws which prescribe enhanced or different penalties and sentences for crimes committed on the basis of unconscious bias or prejudice.

 

The assertions made by Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell in this paper were controversial, prompting a variety of papers which argued that their conclusions would make it impossible to punish even conscious prejudiced or biased acts. In 2009, Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell published a follow-up defense of their work in the "Hofstra Law Journal." This paper was entitled "Facts Do Matter: A Reply To Bagenstos," and was specifically directed at a piece written by Samuel R. Bagenstos published in 2007. Bagenstos argued that the conclusions drawn by Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell would make it difficult or impossible to consider how to approach prejudice and discrimination in society.

 

In their follow-up article, Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell argued that they did not believe that acts of rational prejudice or discrimination should be ignored either in the drafting of laws or in their enforcement. However, Philip E. Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell went on to draw a distinction regarding the difference between social recognition of racist prejudices or biases and their legal recognition. Their paper cautions that while the legal recognition and punishment of such biases might necessarily have to be more limited than its social recognition, the evidence on this is not yet clear.

Erwin Chemerinsky

Erwin Chemerinsky

 


Erwin Chemerinsky

 

Erwin Chemerinsky is a prominent legal scholar specializing in issues of constitutional law. Though he has acted as a lawyer in several capacities, Erwin Chemerinsky is better known for his public commentary on a number of prominent issues.

 

One of his prominent public moments came in 2000, when he was asked by the Los Angeles Police Department to analyze the results of a Board of Inquiry investigation into the so-called "Rampart Scandal." This refers to a series of incidents involving corrupt LAPD officers from 1997 to 2000. The first of these was the fatal March 1997 shooting of an off-duty LAPD officer, Kevin Gaines, by another undercover officer, Frank Lyga. Lyga claimed that Gaines had threatened him and he had acted in self-defense.

 

The next incident took place in November 1997, when a bank robbery was linked to police officer David Mack. In February 1998, officer Brian Hewitt allegedly beat a hand-cuffed gang member, resulting in internal injuries. Hewitt was a member of the CRASH (Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums) division, part of the Rampart department. In March 1998, another officer in this division, Rafael Perez, was linked with the disappearance of more than six pounds of cocaine confiscated as police evidence. In September 1999, Perez agreed to a plea bargain. Under the terms of this plea bargain, he spent nine months detailing his knowledge of corruption in the Rampart department, implicating approximately 70 of his fellow officers in misconduct.

 

In response to these revelations, police chief Bernard Parks convened a Board of Inquiry to investigate the Rampart unit. Their report was issued in March 2000 and blamed poor management practices. The CRASH unit was disbanded that same month.

 

In September 2000, Erwin Chemerinsky completed his independent analysis of the Board of Inquiry's report. This report concluded that their report had deliberately understated and underestimated problems of corruption within the LAPD force, failed to firmly state the problems of the police force's internal culture, did not adequately consider how to institute internal reforms, did not adequately address LAPD procedures for handling cases in which officers made use of excessive force, failed to adequately consider malfunctioning internal discipline procedures, and did acknowledge problems endemic to the entire criminal justice system of the city of Los Angeles. That same month, the United States Department of Justice was given the authority by the Los Angeles City Council to supervise reforms within the LAPD for the following five years.

 

Following the release of this analysis by Erwin Chemerinsky, another independent review panel issued their report in November 2000. This report supported his findings, noting that the LAPD compromised its own internal investigations of disciplinary violations and was viewed by the communities it patrolled as violent and unresponsive or actively hostile.

 

In 2009, Erwin Chemerinsky assumed the position of founding dean at the newly formed school of law at the University of California at Irvine.

Paul Ryan

Paul Ryan

Paul Ryan, Wisconsin’s Representative for the 1st Congressional District


Paul Davis Ryan, Jr. is most known for his position as a Republican member of the House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Wisconsin.
Paul Ryan was born on January 29, 1970 in Janesville Wisconsin where he was raised as the youngest out of four children. He went to Joseph A. Craig High School and after that he went to Oxford Ohio to attend Miami University in where he received his undergraduate degree in political science and economics in 1992. 
During college, Paul Ryan briefly worked as a Wienermobile driver for Oscar Meyer. He also took a position as a college intern for U.S. Senator Bob Kasten in his senior year. After graduating, he worked as a marketing consultant for his family’s business in the private sector throughout the 1990’s. He also worked as a volunteer economic analyst for Freedom Works.
In 1995, Paul Ryan accepted a congressional position that had been offered after his graduation. He became a staff economist for an office that worked in conjunction to U.S. Senator Bob Kasten. Two years later, he began to work in U.S. Senator Sam Brownback’s office as a legislative director. In 1996, Paul Ryan worked as a speechwriter to U.S. Representative Jack Kemp along with the Director of the National Drug Control policy, William Bennett.
Paul Ryan was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1998 after Mark Neumann, the incumbent who was in office for two terms, retired from his position. Since then, he has maintained his seat in and is now serving is 7th term as a Representative.
Paul Ryan is currently the chair of the Committee on the Budget and he also sits on the Committee on Ways & Means as well as the Subcommittee on Health.
Here are some of Paul Ryan’s opinions on critical issues:

Social Security and Medicare
Social security must be strengthened in order to provide retirement security for future generations.
Pass reforms to improve the return rate and to make Social Security as well as Medicare permanently solvent.
Propose legislation that secures Social Security numbers in order to fight against identity theft and illegal immigration.
Federal Budget and taxes
Create more accountability in Congress by controlling spending which will balance the budget without raising taxes.
Expose examples of excessive government abuse and waste.
Reduce tax burden by fixing spending problem in the government.
Create legislation that simplifies individual taxes while making them fairer.

Education
Advocating reform to the No Child Left Behind act.
Strengthening autonomy of teachers, school districts, states, and families.
Driving down college costs and tuition through accessibility and increased transparency.

Health care
Providing universal access to all Americans for health care coverage.
Creating more transparency in the health care market.

Shirley Chisholm

 Shirley Chisholm

The Life of Shirley Chisholm


Shirley Chisholm was an American politician, author, and educator most known for her time as the representative for the 12th Congressional district of New York, making her the first black woman to hold a seat in Congress. She also was the first woman to run for in the Democratic presidential nomination as well as the first black major-party candidate for the position of President of the United States.
Early Life, Education, and Career
Shirley Chisholm was born on November 30, 1924 in Brooklyn, New York to immigrant parents from British Guiana and Barbados. Despite being born in the United States, her parents sent her to Barbados where she lived with her maternal grandmother for seven years.
After retuning, Shirley Chisholm attended Girls High School in Brooklyn and then continued her education at Brooklyn College, where she received her undergraduate degree in 1946. She went on to receive her Master’s degree in elementary education from Columbia University in 1952.
Upon graduation, Shirley Chisholm worked as a director from 1953 to 159 at the Hamilton Madison Child Care Center. She then worked as an educational consultant from 1959 to 1965 for the Division of Day Care.

Political Career
Shirley Chisholm’s first move into politics was in 1964, when she was elected into the State Legislature of New York. Four years after, she ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives as the Democratic candidate for the 13th Congressional District of York, which she won. This made Shirley Chisholm the first black woman to hold an office in Congress. In 1969, she became a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.
In her first term, Shirley Chisholm was assigned to the Committee on Agriculture, which was not as relevant to her since her district was in an urban setting. She asked to be reassigned, which surprised many people in Congress. Shirley Chisholm was then reassigned the Committee on Veteran’s Affairs and later the Committee on Education and Labor.
While in Congress, Shirley Chisholm made an effort to improve the lives for those in her district as well as other inner-city residents. She opposed the draft and supported increasing spending for health care, education, and other social services while reducing military spending.
During the United States presidential election of 1972, Shirley Chisholm decided to make a bid for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. While she did not win, she felt that this was a symbolic effort of her refusing to admit to a status quo. In 1977, she was elected as the Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus until 1981. The next year, she announced her retirement from the House of Representatives.
After her retirement, Shirley Chisholm still continued her career by teaching women’s studies and politics and Mount Holyoke College. She also participated in the campaign for Jesse Jackson in 1984 and 1988. She was nominated to be the American Ambassador to Jamaica by President Clinton, but was unable to accept due to her health. In 1993 she was put into to the National Women’s Hall of Fame
Shirley Chisholm moved to Florida and passed away on January 1, 2005.

Eric Cantor

Eric Cantor

Eric Cantor: The Representative of Virginia’s 7th Congressional District


Eric Cantor is most known for being the Republican representative for the 7th congressional district of Virginia for the U.S. House of Representatives. He is also the current House Majority Leader of the 112th Congress.
Eric Cantor was born on June 6, 1963 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated from the Collegiate School in Richmond, a preparatory school, in 1980, and then attended George Washington University from 1981 and then received his undergraduate degree in 1985. During college, Eric Cantor interned at the office of Tom Bliley, a House Republican of Virginia.
He then went to William and Mary Law School where he obtained a Juris Doctor in 1988 as well as a Master of Science degree in 1989 from Columbia University.
From 1992 to 1991, Eric Cantor served in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was on several different committees throughout his time there including: 
Co-chairman on the Committee on Claims.
Committee on General Laws
Committee on Science and Technology
Committee on Courts of Justice
Committee on Corporation Insurance and Banking
In 2000, Eric Cantor announced that he intended to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives after Tom Bliley left office, with the support of Bliley’s administration as well as with endorsement by Bliley during the primary election.
Eric Cantor became a member in 2001 and was assigned to the Committee on House Financial Services, Committee on House International Relations and the Committee on House Ways and Means. He also sat on the Congressional Task Force on Terrorism & Unconventional Warfare as the chairman.
A few weeks after his second term, he was elected to be the Republican Whip for the 111th Congress, making him the second ranking Republican in the house at the time. He then became the Majority Leader in 2011 at the start of the 112th Congress.
Some of Eric Cantor’s more significant political positions and votes include: 
Supportive of strong relations between the United States and Israel
Opposing giving public funds towards embryonic stem cell research
Opposes same sex marriages
Opposed elective abortion, and has an entirely pro-life voting record
Voting against the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation
Opposed to gun control
Supporter of free trade, for example with Australia, Peru, Chile, and Singapore
Voting for the TARP program, the bank bailout
Voting against raising the minimum wage in 2007
Voting against the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Aaron Schock

Aaron Schock

Aaron Schock: The Young Representative of Illinois


Aaron Schock is most known for representing the 18th congressional district of Illinois as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives.
Early Life and Education
Aaron Schock was born on May 30, 1981 on Morris, Minnesota as the youngest child of four. He was raised on a rural farm but later moved to Peoria, Illinois where he later attended Richwoods high school. Because he finished most of his requirements for high school graduation in his junior year, he co-attended Illinois Central College until he graduated from high school in 2000. He went on to receive his undergraduate degree in finance from Bradley University in 2002.
After graduating high school, Aaron Schock decided to try running for a seat on the local school board because he felt the school board lacked a youthful and diverse perspective. On his first attempt, he did not have the required amount of signatures on his petition, but he soon held a write-in campaign explaining to over 13,000 households in his district how to write his name on a ballot. He beat the incumbent and became the youngest person serving on an Illinois school board at the age of 19.

Early Career
After two more years on the board, he was elected to be vice president and then president the year after, making his the youngest school board president at the age of 23 ever in Illinois.
During college, Aaron Schock invested and ran a garage organizing business and then moved on to work at Peterson Companies as a director of development.
Illinois House of Representative
In 2005, Aaron Schock became a member representing the 92nd district in the Illinois House of Representatives. During his four years here, he served on the committee of Financial Institutions, Veteran’s Affairs Committee, and the Environment and Energy Committee. He also participated in two different appropriations committees that typically contained only senior law makers. Aaron Schock also sponsored and passed 18 bills, many which were thought of as landmark reforms.
United States House of Representative
Aaron Schock then became a member of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2009.  In his first term he was assigned three different committees and was also appointed to be a deputy minority whip. Aaron Schock served as the Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Contracting & Technology of the Small Business Committee. 
In his second term in 2011 he was appointed to the Committee on Ways and Means where he also serves the Social Security, Trade, and Oversight subcommittees. Current negotiations in the trade committee include pending free trade agreements with Colombia, South Korea, and Panama. 
Aaron Schock also serves on the Committee on House Administration which oversees federal elections as well as the House of Representatives day-to-day operations.
Some of Aaron Schock’s more influential contributions in Congress include:
Introducing H.R. 513 which would ban transferring federal funds to detained individuals at Guantanamo Bay.
Introducing legislation that creates the Federal Program Sunset commission.
Voting against federal hate-crimes law amendments that would include crimes based on sexual gender identity, orientation, gender and disability to be considered hate crimes.

Hank Johnson

Hank Johnson

Hank Johnson: Representative of the 4th Congressional District of Georgia
Hank Johnson is most known for his role as a Democratic representative of the 4th Congressional District of Georgia for the U.S. House of Representatives. He is also known for being one of the first two Buddhists in the United States Congress.
Hank Johnson was born on October 2, 1954 in Washington, D.C. where he grew up as a child. He eventually attended Clark College, and graduated in 1976 with his undergraduate degree. After college, he attended Thurgood Marshall School of Law in Texas Southern University where he received his juris doctorate in 1979. 
After law school, Hank Johnson began to practice law in Decatur, Georgia for 27 years. He later also acted as an Associate Magistrate judge for a decade. He was also elected in 2000 to the DeKalb County Commission where he served two terms.
Hank Johnson ran and won a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He assumed office in 2007 and in just a year, he was elected to be the Southeast Regional Whip for Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Georgia. 
As the Southeast Regional Whip, Hank Johnson worked to create support for certain key issues such as the Recovery act, health care reform, and environmental legislation to deter climate change by reducing carbon emissions. During this time he also served in the Obama campaign in Georgia as a supporter and a co-chair.
In the House of Representatives, Hank Johnson sits on the Committee on Armed Services where he is on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats & Capabilities along with the Subcommittee on Seapower & Projection Forces. He is also on the Committee on the Judiciary where he is a member of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Crime & Homeland Security and the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial & Administrative Law.
Some of Hank Johnson’s more influential political positions and votes include:
Criticizing the State of the Union address by President George W. Bush in regards to the war in Iraq, where he felt that the war was a significant misstep.
Introducing a bill which would take United States troops in Iraq that would take them off of street patrol duty.
Voting for H.R. 1591, a bill that aimed to provide funding to various military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Voted to cut certain funding towards the Iraq war.
Voted against the Troubled Assets Relief Program, more known as the Bailout bill
Voted in favor of the Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Created H.Con.Res.80 which called for a peaceful resolution between the Lord’s Resistance Army and the Uganda Government in the Ugandan war.